Military Expenditure
Government spending on armed forces, defense operations, and military systems.
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Budget Reallocation
Shifting resources from one spending area to another through fiscal policy.
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Opportunity Cost
Value of alternatives forgone when resources are used for a different purpose.
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Public Health Systems
Institutions and services that prevent disease and provide population health care.
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Primary Health Care (PHC)
First-contact, community-based care forming the foundation of health systems.
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Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
Access to needed health services without financial hardship.
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Health Workforce Capacity
Availability and competency of doctors, nurses, and allied professionals.
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Pandemic Preparedness
Planning and systems required to detect and respond to disease outbreaks.
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Surveillance Systems
Data systems used to monitor disease patterns and public health threats.
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Essential Medicines Access
Reliable availability of safe, effective, affordable priority medicines.
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Health Equity
Fair access to health services and outcomes across different populations.
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Disarmament for Development
Concept linking reduced armament burdens to socio-economic development gains.
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Dual-Use Spending
Expenditures that can serve both security and civilian resilience outcomes.
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Budget Transparency
Public access to government spending plans, data, and reporting.
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Accountability Framework
Set of rules and review processes that track commitments and performance.
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Sovereignty Concern
State sensitivity about external influence over domestic spending decisions.
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Development Assistance
International aid and cooperation to support long-term socio-economic progress.
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Health Financing
How countries raise, pool, and spend funds for health services.
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Resilient Infrastructure
Facilities and systems designed to withstand shocks and disruptions.
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Outcome Indicators
Measurable results used to assess policy impact over time.
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